This conformal mapping developed in the 1860s by Hermann Schwarz and Elwin Christoffel can be used to map a circle to a square and vice versa.
The equations for mapping the circular disc to a square region (and vice versa) are:
z = x + y i
w = u + v i
and
F is the incomplete Legendre elliptic integral of the 1st kind.
cn is a Jacobi elliptic function.
Ke is the complete elliptic integral of the 1st kind with parameter m = ½
(x,y) are coordinates on the square
(u,v) are coordinates on the circular disc
See Section 7 of my paper (page 19) for an explanation of the formulas
http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1509/1509.06344.pdf
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Here is an example image of using the Schwarz-Christoffel mapping on a square chessboard
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| Schwarz-Christoffel chessboard |
and another on MC Escher's "Circle Limit IV"; i.e. angels and devils inside the Poincare disk.
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| Schwarz-Christoffel for squared Circle Limit IV |
Note that the Jacobi cn() function is an even function, so cn(x,k) = cn(-x,k).
Note to Gall Anonim's comment from
ReplyDeletehttp://mathproofs.blogspot.com/2005/07/mapping-square-to-circle.html
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There are no errors in the equations. There is just a slight confusion of rotation matrices. The scale factor for the square is indeed Ke/sqrt(2) but you forgot to multiply the 1/sqrt(2) from the rotation matrix to get Ke/2.
Note that rotation matrices have to this property: det(M)=1
In other words, they have to have determinant value of 1. Hence, there is a multiplication of 1/sqrt(2) on the matrices in the equation. One is inside the cn() formula and the other is in the beginning of the formula.
As for the addition of [Ke,0] instead of subtraction, you make a good point but there is no error in the formulas. I just made a simplification that is subtle. The Jacobi cn() function is an even function, so cn(x,k) = cn(-x,k). It is easy to write a version of the equations with the subtraction that you want. See the blog post above for the equivalent equation.
Stupid me. Now I see it. Thanks. Now I'm trying to implement the inverse transformation.
ReplyDeleteBTW, did you obtain these formulas on your own or did you find it somewhere?
Glad that I can help. The inverse transformation should also follow from the equations I provided. But, you have to implement a complex-valued arccosine function.
ReplyDeleteI derived these equations after studying the diagram in slide 11 of my presentation slides. I have not seen these equations appear elsewhere before. Albeit, my notation is non-standard. I am overloading complex numbers as a 2x1 vector. Some mathematicians might not like that, but it makes for a nice compact equation.
Do you accidentally have links to EQUIAREAL mapping of a circle to a square and vice versa ?
ReplyDeleteSorry, references.
ReplyDeletefor an equiareal mapping, see http://psgraphics.blogspot.com/2011/01/improved-code-for-concentric-map.html
ReplyDeleteNice article and demonstration, is it possible to map exteriors to exterior, i.e. map exterior of a circle to exterior of square? can you give some pointers?
ReplyDelete